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Rights and Laws FAQs

Right of residence for children born in Germany (and their parents)

Yes, a child born in Germany automatically acquires German citizenship at birth if at least one parent is a German citizen or has legally resided in Germany for at least five years and holds a permanent residence permit (“Niederlassungserlaubnis”). “Legal” residence means that the parent has consistently held a residence permit throughout the five-year period. If the parents are not married and only the father meets these criteria, he must officially recognize paternity for the child to obtain German citizenship. Children of stateless parents born in Germany may also acquire German citizenship under specific conditions, such as being stateless from birth and residing legally in Germany for at least five years. daressalam.diplo.de+11Handbook Germany+11The Happy Hermit+11

The issuance of a residence permit for a child born in Germany depends on the parents’ residence status. If a parent is recognized as entitled to asylum, a refugee, or holds subsidiary protection, the child has two options:

  • If the parent can obtain a passport for the child or add the child’s name to their passport, they can apply for a residence permit for the child under Section 33 of the Residence Act.
  • Alternatively, the parent can apply for asylum on behalf of the child by sending an informal letter to the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) in Nuremberg, including personal data, BAMF reference number, and the child’s birth certificate. The child will generally receive the same residence status as the parent.Handbook Germany+7Handbook Germany+7The Happy Hermit+7Wikipedia+1The Happy Hermit+1

If the parent has been granted a residence permit due to a national ban on deportation (“Abschiebungsverbot”), an asylum procedure will be automatically initiated for the newborn, and the child will be granted a temporary residence permit (“Aufenthaltsgestattung”).

Paternity recognition is a legal process where an unmarried father acknowledges his paternity of a child. This recognition is crucial for the child to obtain certain rights, such as German citizenship, especially when only the father meets the criteria for citizenship or residence permits. The process involves a formal declaration, which can be made at the Youth Welfare Office (“Jugendamt”), a notary, or a registry office. Both parents must agree to the recognition.

To learn about the relevant regulations in your place of residence, read the subchapter regarding the school system in your federal state.

To register a child’s birth in Germany, parents typically need to provide:The Black Forest Family+1JustAnswer+1

The registration is usually handled by the hospital or birthing center within seven days of birth. Handbook Germany+2The Black Forest Family+2JustAnswer+2

Yes, since June 27, 2024, children born in Germany can hold dual citizenship. This means they can have German citizenship and also retain the citizenship of their parents’ home country, provided the other country allows dual nationality. Reddit+3GermanPedia+3Handbook Germany+3

How, when and where to register your address in Germany “Anmeldung”

Anyone moving to or within Germany must register their name and residential address at the local Residents’ Registration Office (“Einwohnermeldeamt”, “Bürgeramt” or “Bürgerbüro”) within two weeks. Failure to do so may result in a fine. Upon registration, you will receive an Official Registration Confirmation (“Amtliche Meldebestätigung”), which serves as proof of residence.Handbook Germany

To register, you must appear in person at the Residents’ Registration Office and provide:

  1. Proof of identity: German nationals need an identity card, passport, or children’s passport; foreign nationals require a national passport and residence permit.
  2. Registration form: One form suffices for couples or two-person households; additional forms are needed for more individuals.
  3. Civil status certificates: Marriage or birth certificates may be required, especially for first-time registrations.
  4. Landlord’s confirmation of residence: A written confirmation from your landlord, including specific details about the residence and occupants.

Parental consent (if under 18): A declaration of consent from a parent, along with a copy of their ID.Handbook Germany

The office records personal data such as your full name, current address, date of birth, and family status.

Yes, if you have valid reasons (e.g., personal safety concerns), you can apply for an information block (“Auskunftssperre”) to prevent your data from being shared with third parties. This block is valid for two years and can be extended upon request.

If you move within Germany, you must register your new address at the local Residents’ Registration Office within two weeks. The new office will inform your previous one, so you don’t need to deregister separately. If you have multiple residences, you must designate one as your primary residence (“Hauptwohnsitz”) and others as secondary (“Nebenwohnsitz”). Note that some cities may impose a second residence tax (“Zweitwohnsitzsteuer”).Handbook Germany

Some federal states offer online registration services, allowing you to register your residence digitally. This requires an activated online function on your ID card. However, the initial registration in Germany must be done in person.

Beyond address registrations, these offices handle tasks like issuing personal and children’s ID cards. They also process inquiries for resident information, which can be useful for locating individuals. Fees and processing times vary by municipality.Handbook Germany

Yes, businesses and self-employed individuals may need to register with the commercial registry (“Handelsregister”) at the local District Court.Handbook Germany

Requirements for obtaining a Permanent Residence Permit for Immigrants

A permanent residence permit, also known as a settlement permit, allows you to live and work in Germany indefinitely without the need for frequent renewals. To qualify, you must:

  • Have held a residence permit for at least five years.
  • Be financially self-sufficient, not relying on Job Centre or Social Welfare Office support (child benefits and parental allowance are exceptions).
  • Demonstrate German language proficiency at the B1 level.
  • Have contributed to the pension insurance system for a minimum of 60 months.
  • Possess adequate living space for yourself and your family.
    Hold a valid work permit.
    Successfully complete an orientation course.
    Have no significant criminal convictions (minor offenses may not impact your application).Handbook Germany+1Handbook Germany+1

Yes, specific groups may benefit from relaxed conditions:

  • Refugees and Asylum Seekers: Recognized refugees or those with subsidiary protection can find detailed information in the dedicated section on permanent residence for refugees.
  • Skilled Workers and Researchers: Individuals in these categories can apply after three years of residence, provided they have contributed to pension insurance for 36 months, are employed, have B1-level German proficiency, and meet other standard requirements.
  • EU Blue Card Holders: Eligible to apply after 27 months with pension contributions and A1-level German. If you have B1-level German, you can apply after just 21 months.
  • Graduates from German Institutions: Those who completed vocational training or a university degree in Germany and hold a residence permit as a skilled worker or researcher can apply after two years, with 24 months of pension contributions, employment, and B1-level German proficiency.
  • Self-Employed Individuals: If you run a business in Germany and can support yourself (and your family) without public assistance, you may apply after three years, provided you have adequate health insurance, have contributed to pension insurance, and have no criminal convictions.
  • Civil Servants: Public sector employees can obtain a permanent residence permit after three years without the need to prove pension contributions.
  • Family Members of German Citizens: Spouses or registered partners of German citizens can apply after three years of residence, given they have B1-level German proficiency, continue to live with the German citizen, and are not at risk of deportation.
  • Spouses of Permanent Residence Holders: If married to someone with a permanent residence permit, you may apply after three years, provided you work at least 20 hours per week, have B1-level German proficiency, a work permit, sufficient living space, and have completed an orientation course.

Children of Foreign Nationals: Children who have held a residence permit for at least five years on familial grounds can apply upon turning 16. Those over 18 must also demonstrate B1-level German proficiency, financial independence (with certain exceptions), and no serious criminal record.Handbook GermanyHandbook Germany+1Handbook Germany+1

Submit a written application to your local Immigration Office. The application form, titled “Antrag auf Erteilung der Niederlassungserlaubnis,” is available on their website. Along with the form, provide a biometric passport photo and the required documents. If you belong to a group with simplified requirements, fewer documents may be needed. Note that there is a fee for the application. Once your application is reviewed, the Immigration Office will notify you in writing.Handbook Germany

Requirements and process of applying for a family Reunification for Immigrants

Yes, under certain conditions, your immediate family members can join you in Germany.

Typically, your spouse or registered partner and your minor, unmarried children can apply for family reunification. In exceptional cases, other relatives may be considered.

You must have a valid residence permit, sufficient living space, and the financial means to support your family without relying on public funds. Your spouse may need to demonstrate basic German language skills (A1 level).

Yes, if you are a German citizen, you don’t need to prove financial means or adequate living space. However, your family members still need to meet other requirements, such as language proficiency.Handbook Germany

Your family members must apply in person at the German embassy or consulate in their home country. They need to schedule an appointment and submit the required documents. The embassy will forward the application to the relevant Immigration Office in Germany for review.Handbook Germany+1Handbook Germany+1

They should bring:

  • The embassy’s appointment confirmation
    Completed visa applications
    Family register extract (if available)
    Birth certificates
    Marriage certificate

Copy of your residence permit
All documents must be translated into German by a recognized translator.Handbook Germany+7Handbook Germany+7Handbook Germany+7

If the application is denied, your family can file an objection within one month at the German embassy. If the objection is also rejected, they can appeal the decision in an administrative court in Germany.Handbook Germany+1Handbook Germany+1

You can contact the Migration Counselling Service or the Youth Migration Service for assistance. They offer support in various languages and can guide you through the process.Handbook Germany

After arriving, your family must register their address at the local Registration Office (“Bürgeramt”) and apply for a residence permit at the Immigration Office.Handbook Germany

Requirements for obtaining an EU Permanent Residence Permit, allowing you to live and work in other EU countries

The EU permanent residence permit is a special type of permanent residence that allows you to live and work in other EU countries under certain conditions. Unlike the German permanent residence permit, which permits stays in other EU countries for up to 90 days without the right to work, the EU permit facilitates longer-term relocation and employment across the EU. Handbook Germany

To be eligible, you must:

  • Have held a residence permit in Germany for at least five years (time spent during the asylum process counts).
  • Be financially independent, not relying on Jobcentre or Social Welfare Office benefits.
  • Demonstrate German language proficiency at the B1 level.
  • Provide evidence of sufficient living space for yourself and your family.
  • Have completed the orientation course, which is part of the integration course.
    Have no significant criminal convictions.

Note: Individuals with a residence permit due to a national ban on deportation are not eligible for the EU permanent residence permit. Handbook Germany

 Submit your application to the appropriate Immigration Office. The process is similar to applying for a German permanent residence permit. Once granted, you can then apply for a residence permit in another EU country where you wish to live and work. Handbook Germany

To apply for a residence permit in another EU country, you must:

  • Hold an EU permanent residence permit.
  • Be financially self-sufficient.
  • Provide a job contract or university enrollment certificate from the destination country.
  • Have health insurance coverage.


After approval by the Immigration Office in the new country, you may also need to apply for a work permit from the relevant Employment Agency. Handbook Germany+4Handbook Germany+4Handbook Germany+4

Yes, Denmark and Ireland have not implemented the corresponding EU Directive. Therefore, you cannot apply for a residence permit in these countries based on your EU permanent residence permit. Handbook Germany

Yes, under certain conditions:

  • If obtained through false information.
  • If deemed a threat to public safety and order.
  • If you reside outside the EU (or in Denmark or Ireland) for more than 12 months.
  • If you do not reside in Germany for over six years.
  • If you acquire a long-term residence permit in another EU country.

If your protection status (e.g., refugee status) is revoked, especially after traveling to your home country. Handbook GermanyHandbook Germany+2Handbook Germany+2Handbook Germany+2Handbook Germany+2Handbook Germany+2Handbook Germany+2Handbook Germany

If the application is denied, your family can file an objection within one month at the German embassy. If the objection is also rejected, they can appeal the decision in an administrative court in Germany.Handbook Germany+1Handbook Germany+1

You can contact the Migration Counselling Service or the Youth Migration Service for assistance. They offer support in various languages and can guide you through the process.Handbook Germany

After arriving, your family must register their address at the local Registration Office (“Bürgeramt”) and apply for a residence permit at the Immigration Office.Handbook Germany

Emergencies: Who to get in touch with in case of an emergency

 In any situation where people, animals, or property are in danger, it’s crucial to act promptly. Call the appropriate emergency number and provide clear information about the location, nature of the emergency, number of people involved, and any injuries.Handbook Germany

Police: Dial 110 for immediate police assistance.


Ambulance & Fire Brigade: Dial 112 for medical emergencies, fires, or floods.

Medical Emergency Service: For non-life-threatening medical issues requiring prompt attention, call 116117.

Handbook Germany

 In cases of suspected poisoning, contact the nearest poison control center. Phone numbers can be found at bvl.bund.de.Handbook Germany

 To locate pharmacies open outside regular hours, visit www.apotheken.de or www.aponet.de.Handbook Germany

Yes. Hospitals are obligated to provide emergency care regardless of insurance status or identification. For non-emergency situations, organizations like gesundheit-ein-menschenrecht.de, Malteser, and Medibüros offer anonymous medical assistance.Handbook Germany

Yes. German law mandates that individuals provide assistance in emergencies if it’s safe to do so. Failure to help can lead to legal consequences.Handbook Germany

 Individuals who offer first aid are protected from liability, provided they act without gross negligence or intentional harm.

If you’re injured while assisting in an emergency, you’re entitled to compensation through statutory accident insurance. For property damage, the injured person’s liability insurance may cover the costs. More information is available at www.dguv.de.Handbook Germany

Consider enrolling in a first aid course offered by organizations like the German Red Cross, Johanniter, or Malteser Hilfsdienst. These courses typically last a few hours and cost between €20 and €40. Additionally, first aid apps can provide useful information, though they don’t replace formal training.Handbook Germany

 No. Capturing images or videos of accident victims is prohibited and can result in fines or imprisonment for up to two years.Handbook Germany

 For victims of violence against women, a 24/7 support hotline is available in 17 languages at 08000 116 016.Handbook Germany

Police in Germany: All around contacting and dealing with the police

The police are tasked with protecting individuals from harm and combating crime. Their motto is “The police, your friend and helper.” They operate independently of intelligence agencies and political entities. In emergencies, dial 110 to reach the police. Handbook Germany

 Germany’s police system is federally structured, comprising 16 state police headquarters that collaborate with the Federal Police (BP) and the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA). Additionally, there are customs officers and military police (“Feldjäger”) within the Bundeswehr. Criminal police officers typically do not wear uniforms, whereas other officers can be identified by their green or blue uniforms. Handbook Germany+1Wikipedia+1

Handbook Germany

Police uniforms are predominantly blue, though some may still be green-beige, depending on the state. Uniforms may vary based on specific duties, such as motorcycle or bicycle patrols. Officers may also wear protective gear like vests, helmets, and carry equipment such as batons and firearms. Handbook Germany

 Police responsibilities include investigating crimes like burglaries and traffic accidents, conducting traffic education in schools, ensuring safety at public events, and addressing issues like domestic violence and cybercrime. Specialized units handle large-scale and organized crimes. Handbook Germany+1Wikipedia+1

Contact the police if you or someone else is in danger, or if you witness crimes such as theft, assault, or domestic violence. Dial 110 for emergencies. Additionally, you can report administrative offenses, like disturbances during designated quiet hours.

Provide your name and address, describe what happened, specify the location and time of the incident, and stay on the line for further instructions. Handbook Germany

 Not always. Criminal police officers often work in plain clothes to conduct surveillance or enforce arrest warrants. Handbook Germany

 Police require a judge’s authorization to search your home unless there’s an immediate danger. They can ask for identification, but without specific suspicion, they cannot conduct searches. If they proceed without consent, it’s advisable to consult a lawyer. Handbook Germany

You have the right to remain silent and are not obligated to answer police questions. If you receive a written invitation from the police, you’re not required to attend unless it’s from the public prosecutor’s office or a court. Handbook Germany

Yes, you can ask officers to show their ID and note their details, especially if you plan to file a complaint. It’s also helpful to have witnesses present during any interactions. Handbook Germany

Complaints should be filed within three months of the incident, preferably directly with the public prosecutor’s office. Handbook Germany

Discrimination: What is discrimination and how to react if you are discriminated against?

Discrimination occurs when individuals are treated unfairly or unequally based on characteristics such as origin, gender, religion, age, sexual identity, or disability. This can manifest in various settings, including workplaces, housing, education, and public services.Handbook Germany

 Germany’s police system is federally structured, comprising 16 state police headquarters that collaborate with the Federal Police (BP) and the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA). Additionally, there are customs officers and military police (“Feldjäger”) within the Bundeswehr. Criminal police officers typically do not wear uniforms, whereas other officers can be identified by their green or blue uniforms. Handbook Germany+1Wikipedia+1

Handbook Germany

Germany’s General Equal Treatment Act (AGG) prohibits discrimination based on origin, gender, religion, age, sexual identity, or disability. The AGG applies to employment, housing, and other areas. Additionally, Article 1 of the German Basic Law states that human dignity is inviolable, reinforcing the commitment to equality. Handbook Germany

 If you face discrimination, you can seek advice from anti-discrimination agencies or legal counsel. It’s important to document incidents and gather evidence. Legal action may result in compensation or damages.Handbook Germany

 Linguistic discrimination involves using language that devalues or marginalizes individuals or groups. Examples include derogatory terms or biased media representations. Such language can perpetuate stereotypes and reinforce societal inequalities.

 Discrimination can lead to social division, marginalization of groups, and hinder social cohesion. It affects not only the individuals directly targeted but also the broader community by fostering inequality and tension.

Yes, discrimination can be multifaceted:

  • Multiple discrimination: When an individual faces discrimination on several grounds simultaneously (e.g., race and gender).
  • Intersectional discrimination: When overlapping social identities contribute to unique experiences of discrimination.

Linguistic discrimination: As previously mentioned, involves harmful language use.

Various organizations and agencies in Germany offer support, including counseling and legal assistance. It’s advisable to reach out to local anti-discrimination offices or community support groups for guidance.

Legal Aid

About the Legal Aid (Prozzesskostenhilfe) for people with limited income

Legal aid (“Prozesskostenhilfe”) is a government assistance program that covers the costs of legal proceedings, including court fees and lawyer’s fees, for individuals with limited income. It ensures that financial constraints do not prevent individuals from seeking justice in Germany.

Eligibility is determined based on:

  • Financial need: You must demonstrate that you cannot afford the costs of legal proceedings. This includes providing details of your income, assets, and expenses.
  • Merit of the case: The court must assess that your case has reasonable prospects of success.

Purpose of the legal action: The legal action must be meaningful, meaning the potential outcome justifies the costs involved.Handbook Germany

Legal aid is available for various types of court cases, including:

  • Administrative courts: For disputes with public authorities.
  • Civil courts: For personal disputes, such as those with landlords or neighbors.
  • Labor courts: For employment-related issues.

Social courts: For matters related to social benefits.
However, legal aid is not available for criminal cases; instead, the state may appoint a lawyer if you cannot afford one.Latham & Watkins

Legal aid covers:

  • Court fees.
  • Lawyer’s fees.

Other necessary legal costs.
 If you lose the case, you may still be required to pay the opposing party’s legal fees, except in labor court cases.

 Applications must be submitted to the court handling your case. You can obtain the necessary forms from the court or their website. It’s advisable to seek assistance from a lawyer or a Migration Counseling Centre if needed.Handbook Germany

You have the right to file a complaint (“Beschwerde”) against the rejection within one month of receiving the decision. Detailed instructions on how to object will be provided in the rejection letter.Handbook Germany

The court may review your financial situation up to four years after granting legal aid. If your financial circumstances improve significantly, you may be required to repay the aid in installments.Handbook Germany

 Yes, if you have little or no income, you can apply for a “Beratungshilfeschein” (advisory assistance certificate) from the local court. This allows you to receive initial legal advice at a reduced cost or for free.Handbook Germany

Living with Disability

A disability refers to a long-term limitation (over six months) in physical, mental, or psychological abilities that hinders an individual from leading a typical life for their age. This encompasses visible disabilities, chronic illnesses, mental health conditions, and neurodiverse traits like autism, ADHD, and dyslexia.Handbook Germany

Disability severity is measured using the “Grade of Disability” (GdB) scale, ranging from 20 to 100. A higher GdB indicates greater impairment. Medical professionals determine your GdB based on evaluations.Handbook Germany

Germany provides various aids to compensate for disadvantages faced by disabled individuals, including:

  • Specialized medical care
    Assistance in employment and protection against dismissal
    Household assistance
    Childcare support
    Free public transportation
    Early retirement options
    Tax reductionsHandbook Germany+1Handbook Germany+1

Eligibility for these supports depends on individual circumstances.

To qualify for state assistance, individuals with a GdB of 50 or higher can apply for a “Disability Card” (“Schwerbehindertenausweis”) at their local Pension Office (“Versorgungsamt”). Those with a GdB below 50 may still be eligible for certain supports and should seek guidance from counseling centers.Handbook Germany

Yes, individuals undergoing asylum procedures or with a “Tolerated Stay” (“Duldung”) can apply for a Disability Card.Handbook Germany

Where can I find counseling and support services?
 Various organizations offer assistance to individuals with disabilities:

Additionally, national associations provide information on daily life, legal matters, employment, and healthcare for people with disabilities.Handbook Germany

You have the right to file a complaint (“Beschwerde”) against the rejection within one month of receiving the decision. Detailed instructions on how to object will be provided in the rejection letter.Handbook Germany

The Youth Welfare Office (“Jugendamt”) in your area is responsible for children with disabilities and offers advice and support to families.Handbook Germany

Individuals with a Disability Card may be entitled to use designated parking spaces and public restrooms for people with disabilities. Access to these facilities often requires a special key (“Euro key”), which can be obtained for a fee.Handbook Germany

Currently, Germany lacks a nationwide barrier-free emergency call system for individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing, or non-verbal. However, some cities offer regional emergency numbers accessible via SMS, and private apps like Handhelp, Tess, MeinNotruf, and InstantHelp provide alternatives for voice-free emergency communication.Handbook Germany

Decorative judgement scale and gavel placed on desk in light lawyer office against window